Galvanic Batteries.—No. 1

Imposed currents in galvanic cells

We analyze the steady-state behavior of a general mathematical model for reversible galvanic cells, such as redox flow cells, reversible solid oxide fuel cells, and rechargeable batteries. We consider not only operation in the galvanic discharging mode, spontaneously generating a positive current against an external load, but also operation in two modes which require a net input of electrical e...

New Form of Galvanic Pessary

Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Dental Alloys

There is a wide variety of dental alloys, ranging from nearly pure gold and conventional gold-based alloys to alloys based on silver, palladium, nickel, cobalt, iron, titanium, tin, and other metals (Table 1). The types of dental alloys have increased significantly since 1980s in order to change the market price of gold and palladium. Although gold alloys are the mate‐ rials of choice in this a...

Habituation to Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation during Gait

Balance requires the integration of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular sensory inputs. Contributions from the vestibular system are increasingly important when other sensory signals are lacking or erroneous [1]. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), the application of a small electrical current across the mastoid processes, has been used to apply a stimulus to the vestibular system indepen...

What Does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Actually Activate?

Luigi Galvani spent 20 years conducting experiments to demonstrate electrical conductivity of nerves and muscles before publishing his major treatise on the subject in 1791 (Galvani, 1791). His personal friend and professional nemesis Count Alessandro Volta held a respectful but opposing view, that nerve and muscle tissues simply serve as passive conductors, and he built the first “voltaic” bat...